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   |  arch  uname -m  uname -r  dmidecode -q  hdparm -i /dev/hda  hdparm -tT /dev/sda  cat /proc/cpuinfo  cat /proc/interrupts  cat /proc/meminfo  cat /proc/swaps  cat /proc/version  cat /proc/net/dev  cat /proc/mounts  lspci -tv  lsusb -tv  date  cal 2007  date 041217002007.00  clock -w 
 
  shutdown -h now  init 0  telinit 0  shutdown -h hours:minutes &  shutdown -c  shutdown -r now  reboot  logout 
 
  cd /home  cd ..  cd ../..  cd  cd ~user1  cd -  pwd  ls  ls -F  ls -l  ls -a  ls *[0-9]*  tree  lstree  mkdir dir1  mkdir dir1 dir2  mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2  rm -f file1  rmdir dir1  rm -rf dir1  rm -rf dir1 dir2  mv dir1 new_dir  cp file1 file2  cp dir/* .  cp -a /tmp/dir1 .  cp -a dir1 dir2  ln -s file1 lnk1  ln file1 lnk1  touch -t 0712250000 file1  file file1  iconv -l 
 
  find / -name file1  find / -user user1  find /home/user1 -name \*.bin  find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100  find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10  find / -name \*.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;  find / -xdev -name \*.rpm 搜索以 '.rpm'  locate \*.ps 寻找以 '.ps'  whereis halt  which halt 
 
  mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2  umount /dev/hda2  fuser -km /mnt/hda2  umount -n /mnt/hda2  mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy  mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom  mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder  mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder  mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom  mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5  mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk  mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share 
 
  df -h  ls -lSr |more  du -sh dir1  du -sk * | sort -rn  rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n  dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n 
 
  groupadd group_name  groupdel group_name  groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name  useradd -c "Name Surname " -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1  useradd user1  userdel -r user1  usermod -c "User FTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1  passwd  passwd user1  chage -E 2005-12-31 user1  pwck  grpck  newgrp group_name 
 
  ls -lh  ls /tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS  chmod ugo+rwx directory1  chmod go-rwx directory1  chown user1 file1  chown -R user1 directory1  chgrp group1 file1  chown user1:group1 file1  find / -perm -u+s  chmod u+s /bin/file1  chmod u-s /bin/file1  chmod g+s /home/public  chmod g-s /home/public  chmod o+t /home/public  chmod o-t /home/public 
 
  chattr +a file1  chattr +c file1  chattr +d file1  chattr +i file1  chattr +s file1  chattr +S file1  chattr +u file1  lsattr 
 
  bunzip2 file1.bz2  bzip2 file1  gunzip file1.gz  gzip file1  gzip -9 file1  rar a file1.rar test_file  rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1  rar x file1.rar  unrar x file1.rar  tar -cvf archive.tar file1  tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1  tar -tf archive.tar  tar -xvf archive.tar  tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp  tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1  tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2  tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1  tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz  zip file1.zip file1  zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1  unzip file1.zip 
 
  rpm -ivh package.rpm  rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm  rpm -U package.rpm  rpm -F package.rpm  rpm -e package_name.rpm  rpm -qa  rpm -qa | grep httpd  rpm -qi package_name  rpm -qg "System Environment/Daemons"  rpm -ql package_name  rpm -qc package_name  rpm -q package_name --whatrequires  rpm -q package_name --whatprovides  rpm -q package_name --scripts  rpm -q package_name --changelog  rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  rpm -qp package.rpm -l  rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY  rpm --checksig package.rpm  rpm -qa gpg-pubkey  rpm -V package_name  rpm -Va  rpm -Vp package.rpm  rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin*  rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm  rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm 
 
  yum install package_name  yum localinstall package_name.rpm  yum update package_name.rpm  yum update package_name  yum remove package_name  yum list  yum search package_name  yum clean packages  yum clean headers  yum clean all 
 
  dpkg -i package.deb  dpkg -r package_name  dpkg -l  dpkg -l | grep httpd  dpkg -s package_name  dpkg -L package_name  dpkg --contents package.deb  dpkg -S /bin/ping 
 
  apt-get install package_name  apt-cdrom install package_name  apt-get update  apt-get upgrade  apt-get remove package_name  apt-get check  apt-get clean  apt-cache search searched-package 
 
  cat file1  tac file1  more file1  less file1  head -2 file1  tail -2 file1  tail -f /var/log/messages 
 
  cat file1 file2 ... | command <> file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt  cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) > result.txt  cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) >> result.txt  grep Aug /var/log/messages  grep ^Aug /var/log/messages  grep [0-9] /var/log/messages  grep Aug -R /var/log/*  sed 's/stringa1/stringa2/g' example.txt  sed '/^$/d' example.txt  sed '/ *#/d; /^$/d' example.txt  echo 'esempio' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'  sed -e '1d' result.txt  sed -n '/stringa1/p'  sed -e 's/ *$//' example.txt  sed -e 's/stringa1//g' example.txt  sed -n '1,5p;5q' example.txt  sed -n '5p;5q' example.txt  sed -e 's/00*/0/g' example.txt  cat -n file1  cat example.txt | awk 'NR%2==1'  echo a b c | awk '{print $1}'  echo a b c | awk '{print $1,$3}'  paste file1 file2  paste -d '+' file1 file2  sort file1 file2  sort file1 file2 | uniq  sort file1 file2 | uniq -u  sort file1 file2 | uniq -d  comm -1 file1 file2  comm -2 file1 file2  comm -3 file1 file2 
 
  dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt  unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt  recode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html  recode -l | more 
 
  badblocks -v /dev/hda1  fsck /dev/hda1  fsck.ext2 /dev/hda1  e2fsck /dev/hda1  e2fsck -j /dev/hda1  fsck.ext3 /dev/hda1  fsck.vfat /dev/hda1  fsck.msdos /dev/hda1  dosfsck /dev/hda1 
 
  mkfs /dev/hda1  mke2fs /dev/hda1  mke2fs -j /dev/hda1  mkfs -t vfat 32 -F /dev/hda1  fdformat -n /dev/fd0  mkswap /dev/hda3 
 
  mkswap /dev/hda3  swapon /dev/hda3  swapon /dev/hda2 /dev/hdb3 
 
  dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home  dump -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home  restore -if /tmp/home0.bak  rsync -rogpav --delete /home /tmp  rsync -rogpav -e ssh --delete /home ip_address:/tmp  rsync -az -e ssh --delete ip_addr:/home/public /home/local  rsync -az -e ssh --delete /home/local ip_addr:/home/public  dd bs=1M if=/dev/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz'  dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/file1  tar -Puf backup.tar /home/user  ( cd /tmp/local/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p'  ( tar c /home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p'  tar cf - . | (cd /tmp/backup ; tar xf - )  find /home/user1 -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -av --target-directory=/home/backup/ --parents  find /var/log -name '*.log' | tar cv --files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2  dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1  dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 
 
  cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force  mkisofs /dev/cdrom > cd.iso  mkisofs /dev/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz  mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V "Label CD" -iso-level 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd  cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso  gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom -  mount -o loop cd.iso /mnt/iso  cd-paranoia -B  cd-paranoia -- "-3"  cdrecord --scanbus  dd if=/dev/hdc | md5sum 
 
  ifconfig eth0  ifup eth0  ifdown eth0  ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0  ifconfig eth0 promisc  dhclient eth0  route -n  route add -net 0/0 gw IP_Gateway  route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1  route del 0/0 gw IP_gateway  echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward  hostname  host www.example.com  nslookup www.example.com  ip link show  mii-tool eth0  ethtool eth0  netstat -tup  netstat -tupl  tcpdump tcp port 80  iwlist scan  iwconfig eth1  hostname  host www.example.com  nslookup www.example.com  whois www.example.com 
  Microsoft Windows networks (SAMBA) nbtscan ip_addr  nmblookup -A ip_addr  smbclient -L ip_addr/hostname  smbget -Rr smb://ip_addr/share  mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share 
 
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